Does Gluten Transfer to Breast Milk? Here’s What the Research Shows
Understanding gluten in breast milk and what it means for breastfeeding a child with celiac disease
When a child is diagnosed with celiac disease, parents naturally wonder how to keep them safe—especially if breastfeeding continues. One common question: Does gluten transfer to breast milk?
The short answer: yes, but in very small amounts.
This blog explores what the science says about gluten in breast milk, so you can make informed decisions about your child’s health.
What Is Gluten and Why Does It Matter?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The harmful part for people with celiac disease is called gliadin. Even small traces of gliadin can cause immune damage in someone with celiac. That’s why certified gluten-free products must meet strict standards—under 20 parts per million.
Naturally, breastfeeding parents ask: Does gliadin pass through breast milk and cause symptoms?
What the Science Says About Gluten in Breast Milk
According to a peer-reviewed study by Chirdo et al., published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology in 1998, gliadin was detected in all 49 milk samples tested. Each of the mothers were on a normal diet.
- Gliadin levels in breast milk ranged from 5 to 1200 ng/ml
- The average concentration was 178 ng/ml
- That translates to 0.005 to 1.2 parts per million
This is far below the 20 parts per million threshold used to define gluten-free foods.
Even a full liter of breast milk contains less gluten than gluten-free standards allow
You can read the full study here: Chirdo et al., 1998
Important Notes for Breastfeeding Parents
While this study shows that gliadin can be in breast milk, the amounts are very low. Here are a few key takeaways:
- Gluten in breast milk is minimal — far below levels considered dangerous by gluten-free standards.
- There is no clear link between a breastfeeding parent’s gluten intake and how much gliadin ends up in milk.
- Each person is different — and medical advice should be individualized.
It’s essential to talk to your doctor or specialist if you’re breastfeeding a child with celiac disease.
Should Breastfeeding Parents Go Gluten-Free?
This is a personal decision. Based on the science, it’s unlikely that gluten in breast milk would cause harm, but no research has shown this definitively. The 1998 study also found no consistent pattern between gluten consumption and gliadin levels in milk.
So while the presence of gliadin is real, the risk appears very low. Still, when it comes to celiac disease, many families choose caution. Going gluten-free provides peace of mind, especially during early stages of healing.
However, if you don’t medically need a gluten-free diet, consult a healthcare professional to ensure you’re getting proper nutrition.
Final Thoughts on Gluten in Breast Milk
If your child has just been diagnosed with celiac disease and you’re still breastfeeding, you’re not alone in asking these questions. Research shows gluten in breast milk is present—but in very small amounts.
The 1998 study by Chirdo et al. remains the most cited on this topic. It gives some reassurance that breast milk contains less gliadin than even certified gluten-free foods.
That said, always consult your healthcare provider. Every child’s journey with celiac is unique, and your doctor can guide you based on the latest research and your child’s needs.
Sources:
Chirdo FG, Rumbo M, Añón MC, Fossati CA. Presence of high levels of non-degraded gliadin in breast milk from healthy mothers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(11):1186‐1192. doi:10.1080/00365529850172557
Reviewed October 20, 2022.
Disclaimer: The content of this post is for informational purposes only. Always consult a medical professional and contact National Celiac Association for support.